by Steve » Thu Nov 14, 2013 4:35 am
The regulations regarding UAS are more than a little behind the times. IIRC, the platform has to be under positive control for the entirety of it's flight. The operator can't be tasked with doing anything other than flying the thing, and one or more safety observers have to, well, observe the drone while it is up. Unlicensed UAS are restricted to a maximum ceiling of 400 feet, and during daylight hours only. It can't be operated within 5 miles of any airport or an aircraft in flight, and positively cannot be operated within an urban area.
There are exceptions. If you are a public entity (law enforcement, publicly-funded S&R team, or other government group), you can operate fixed wing UAS under 25 (originally 4.4) lbs in some circumstances (not over people, during daylight, with observers, etc.). You have to get a Certificate of Airworthiness through the FAA, and the process is still sort of "in development", so if you are a university you may or may not get a COA. Homeland Security? No worries, mate.
Private companies can apply for Experimental Airworthiness Certificates. Unless you are a big business, though, good luck. The barrier to entry is money. The flights need to have observers, chase aircraft, and bunchatons of restrictions. There are workarounds in process, mostly revolving around a half-dozen proposed "proving ground" areas where UAS can be tested without having as many restrictions.
Basically, if it's a "model aircraft" flown by an individual, there are a few things you can do with the airframe on or over private property. As soon as you are a business, or flying for experiment or profit, you are looking at lots of restrictions, and lots of money, and private property isn't an exemption. The FAA is big on VFR "see and avoid" as a MUST with aircraft.
By way of comparison, UGVs are pretty open-field as long as you keep them off of public roads. As long as you are not violating Fish & Game regs, and keep a human "positively in the loop" (a human must decide to fire, rather than deciding NOT to fire like the Navy CIWS system), you can even arm them on private property.
It seems like there really are two paths to getting an awesome UAS for airsoft: Dump $100,000 for a COTS system that does most of the R&S work you could ever hope for, or dump $100,000 on a college degree and tooling and build one that does CAS as well. And, of course, the second option has absolutely NOTHING to do with why I am at PSU working on a dual-major ME / ECE degree.
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