First of all very awesome prop idea and implementation.
Is it in working order as is, without a buzzer that is? And is this your first attempt at a working electronic device, if so, that is awesome. My first attempt into electronics was getting a motor to turn forward and backward with the touch of a button, and that was from a cannibalized toy, not very sophisticated and not very practical or useful for that matter.
EDIT: This turned out to be a lot longer than I expected, but there are some useful bits here and there and it seems a waste to delete it all after spending an hour, or maybe two on it. Read on if you have the courage.
WARNING!!!! Long and possibly boring post incoming WARNING!!!!
What it sounds like is you've run into a small hurtle, iv been there, its a different ballgame when you try to take already existing circuits and attaching them to other already existing circuits and having them work together without frying one or the other.
A little disclaimer before I continue, I learned this stuff from the ground up using a Electronics Learning Lab from Radioshack, and I feel I know what I'm talking about, to a point, and I will let it be known where my knowledge stops if I get to that point. You take and use whatever knowledge I give here at your own risk and if your device gets fried please don't blame me. If your device does get fried because of me I will gladly help you rebuild it, I have many of the necessary tools and components right here. That said I am also new to this community and airsoft so make your own judgements.
Your first problem is power, that 1 battery your using is going to die very quick depending on how much wiring you've added, wiring adds resistance which means more drain on the battery when the device is running. Also if you add any more devices to it, a speaker for example, even a small one will kill the battery on its first or second go. You can add more batteries to your device without frying it, look up connecting batteries in parallel in Google, by adding a battery in parallel you are doubling your battery capacity but keeping the voltage at 1.5 so you wont fry your circuits!!

Make sure you put them in parallel, if you put them in series you will be doubling your voltage not your capacity, and ZZZZZZZZZTTTTTT!!!!, circuit flambe.
I can also tell you that AA's are also 1.5v just with higher capacity, C's, and D's I think are also 1.5v but I have none to look at at the moment, but it will tell you on the battery itself, and I think they can be used safely in your device without hurting it as long as you connect them correctly. Here's a part where my knowledge falters the larger batteries could have higher drain rates and therefore could affect how your device functions, for example your timer may go faster than intended, but you will most likely not ruin your device because you are still running at 1.5v, again assuming everything is connected correctly, you could probably experiment safely without ruining the device here. I would suggest getting a cheap volt meter just to make sure before putting everything together, and check every time you wire the batteries in before hooking it to the main device, when your working with higher voltages and capacities one mistake can cost you the whole device before you can blink, so you have to be careful and patient.
Your second problem is adding a speaker/buzzer, this actually may be easier than you think. Depending on the type of timer you are using, the timer itself may already have a part to it that will act as your switching device. From the picture I can tell that your timer has a digital display, which is good, that means your timer needs a more complex circuit to function. If your timer already has a part to it that dings or buzzes on its own when its done. You can just cannibalize that part or improve on it without too much work, just a little solder here and there, an added wire or two and a new and louder buzzer, and Eureka!!! you have a "fake nogoboom scare the crap out of the bomb disarm er guy device" TM.
I would recommend you just clean up your current device as is before you start with any improvements, for example attaching connectors between each part of the device like the batteries, the timer, and the switches, simple male to female connectors are cheap and easy to wire, and will make taking apart and reassembling the device that much easier, and also make transporting the device much safer and less likely to get you put in jail or your car blown up by the bomb squad. Call your local police department/bomb squad and ask, It looks like Nox has already gone that route, but it may differ for your area, and this is something that will stay with you the rest of your life if you don't follow the right path and end up getting caught. Like DJ said, the Bomb squad will not take this lightly, I deal with the Police a lot at where I work, and when there is a bomb threat or a possible explosive device is found, they go all out, no holds barred, even if it looks like a bag of garbage or a lost bag, so a device that looks close is going to get a lot of attention fast.
I have a couple ideas I'd like to suggest for your "nogoboom" too, if you don't mind. A booby trap attachment would make it even more challenging, just something simple, like a powder airsoft mine attached to a small metal wire inside the box, if the disarm er doesn't pay attention he may take half the people in the room with him out of the game. Or make which wire to cut a puzzle of some sort instead of a guessing game. I am assuming, in the devices current form, the team would have to get some sort of intel that would tell them what wire to cut to disarm the bomb if they are going to disarm it without some sort of puzzle or mind game, and without it going off? Or you could ad a triggering mechanism that would trigger a CO2 canister that will let out copious amounts of powder, making it look like the bomb has gone off, and it would be safe and harmless as long as you use a non-flammable powder, this one may not be such a good idea due to similarities to a real IED and could possible be categorized as one, just as a AEG is categorized, and treated like, a real firearm. You would have to ask your local police department/bomb squad on that front.
That is all I have for now, its late and my brain is working kinda slow. I'm sorry if you already know all this stuff and iv just been running on, and on, and on, but I gathered from your first post and other posts here that you had hit a snag in your electronics skills and wanted some help. Iv been helping my 10 year old Nephew with his schoolwork and teaching some things about electronics so I kinda go into a long winded teaching mode when talking about it. Again I'm sorry.
Another disclaimer, what you are building is close to the real thing in almost every way, you are only some electronic bits and some flammable materials away from the real thing. So keep that in mind as you keep making it better and improving upon it. It will start looking more and more like the real thing, and that wont be too far from the truth, so be very careful. I'm sorry if I put you off your project with these words, but I feel it needs to be said, electronics can be dangerous in a lot of ways, build responsibly.
That is all,
Savage